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Qu'est-ce (qui) est synchronous key encryption - définition
Transmission security key; Key Encryption Key; Content encryption key; Message Encryption Key; List of cryptographic key types; Glossary of cryptographic key types; Master encryption key; Key encryption key
![Key list for a German World War II [[Enigma machine]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Enigma keylist 3 rotor.jpg?width=200 "Key list for a German World War II [[Enigma machine]]")
synchronous key encryption
<algorithm, cryptography> Data encryption using two
interlocking keys where enything encoded using one key may be
decoded using the other key. This means if someone makes one
of the two keys publicly available (as in {public-key
encryption}) and keeps the other private, then anyone may send
them a message or data that only they can decode, giving
privacy, and furthermore, the sender may also encrypt that
same message additionally with their own private key, making
it impossible to read without decoding first with *their*
__public__ key by the receiver, this gives authenticity.
It is a very powerful system. One cannot determine one key
from the other, nor can they crack the encryption by computing
all combinations, because, depending on the size of the keys
(sometimes as large as 1024 bytes, though having grown from
smaller versions in popular implementations of the software
which does this), the amount of computing power required to
crack the code is unavailable, even supercomputers would take
more than a hundred years to crack it.
PGP is a publicly availble software implementation written
by Phil Zimmermann.
(1994-10-10)
Symmetric-key algorithm
ALGORITHM
Symmetric Algorithms; Symmetric key; Symmetric encryption; Symmetric key cryptography; Symmetric cypher; Shared key; Symmetric cipher; Symmetric-key cipher; Symmetric key algorithms; Symmetric cryptography; Private-key cryptography; Symmetric key encryption; Symmetric key algorithm; Reciprocal cipher; Reciprocal encipherment; Private key cryptography; Symmetric-key encryption algorithm; Symmetric-key cryptography; Private-key; Symmetric algorithm; Private-key encryption; Symmetrical encryption
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys.
symmetric key cryptography
ALGORITHM
Symmetric Algorithms; Symmetric key; Symmetric encryption; Symmetric key cryptography; Symmetric cypher; Shared key; Symmetric cipher; Symmetric-key cipher; Symmetric key algorithms; Symmetric cryptography; Private-key cryptography; Symmetric key encryption; Symmetric key algorithm; Reciprocal cipher; Reciprocal encipherment; Private key cryptography; Symmetric-key encryption algorithm; Symmetric-key cryptography; Private-key; Symmetric algorithm; Private-key encryption; Symmetrical encryption
<cryptography> A cryptography system in which both parties
have the same encryption key, as in {secret key
cryptography}.
Opposite: public-key cryptography.
(1998-06-09)
Wikipédia
Glossary of cryptographic keys
This glossary lists types of keys as the term is used in cryptography, as opposed to door locks. Terms that are primarily used by the U.S. National Security Agency are marked (NSA). For classification of keys according to their usage see cryptographic key types.
- 40-bit key - key with a length of 40 bits, once the upper limit of what could be exported from the U.S. and other countries without a license. Considered very insecure. See key size for a discussion of this and other lengths.
- authentication key - Key used in a keyed-hash message authentication code, or HMAC.
- benign key - (NSA) a key that has been protected by encryption or other means so that it can be distributed without fear of its being stolen. Also called BLACK key.
- content-encryption key (CEK) a key that may be further encrypted using a KEK, where the content may be a message, audio, image, video, executable code, etc.
- crypto ignition key An NSA key storage device (KSD-64) shaped to look like an ordinary physical key.
- cryptovariable - NSA calls the output of a stream cipher a key or key stream. It often uses the term cryptovariable for the bits that control the stream cipher, what the public cryptographic community calls a key.
- data encryption key (DEK) used to encrypt the underlying data.
- derived key - keys computed by applying a predetermined hash algorithm or key derivation function to a password or, better, a passphrase.
- DRM key - A key used in Digital Rights Management to protect media
- electronic key - (NSA) key that is distributed in electronic (as opposed to paper) form. See EKMS.
- ephemeral key - A key that only exists within the lifetime of a communication session.
- expired key - Key that was issued for a use in a limited time frame (cryptoperiod in NSA parlance) which has passed and, hence, the key is no longer valid.
- FIREFLY key - (NSA) keys used in an NSA system based on public key cryptography.
- Key derivation function (KDF) - function used to derive a key from a secret value, e.g. to derive KEK from Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
- key encryption key (KEK) - key used to protect MEK keys (or DEK/TEK if MEK is not used).
- key production key (KPK) -Key used to initialize a keystream generator for the production of other electronically generated keys.
- key fill - (NSA) loading keys into a cryptographic device. See fill device.
- master key - key from which all other keys (or a large group of keys) can be derived. Analogous to a physical key that can open all the doors in a building.
- master encryption key (MEK) - Used to encrypt the DEK/TEK key.
- master key encryption key (MKEK) - Used to encrypt multiple KEK keys. For example, an HSM can generate several KEK and wrap them with an MKEK before export to an external DB - such as OpenStack Barbican.
- one time pad (OTP or OTPad) - keying material that should be as long as the plaintext and should only be used once. If truly random and not reused it's the most secure encryption method. See one-time pad article.
- one time password (OTP) - One time password based on a prebuilt single use code list or based on a mathematical formula with a secret seed known to both parties, uses event or time to modify output (see TOTP/HOTP).
- paper key - (NSA) keys that are distributed in paper form, such as printed lists of settings for rotor machines, or keys in punched card or paper tape formats. Paper keys are easily copied. See Walker spy ring, RED key.
- poem key - Keys used by OSS agents in World War II in the form of a poem that was easy to remember. See Leo Marks.
- Public/private key - in public key cryptography, separate keys are used to encrypt and decrypt a message. The encryption key (public key) need not be kept secret and can be published. The decryption or private key must be kept secret to maintain confidentiality. Public keys are often distributed in a signed public key certificate.
- pre-placed key - (NSA) large numbers of keys (perhaps a year's supply) that are loaded into an encryption device allowing frequent key change without refill.
- RED key - (NSA) symmetric key in a format that can be easily copied, e.g. paper key or unencrypted electronic key. Opposite of BLACK or benign key.
- revoked key - a public key that should no longer be used, typically because its owner is no longer in the role for which it was issued or because it may have been compromised. Such keys are placed on a certificate revocation list or CRL.
- session key - key used for one message or an entire communications session. See traffic encryption key.
- symmetric key - a key that is used both to encrypt and decrypt a message. Symmetric keys are typically used with a cipher and must be kept secret to maintain confidentiality.
- traffic encryption key (TEK)/data encryption key (DEK) - a symmetric key that is used to encrypt messages. TEKs are typically changed frequently, in some systems daily and in others for every message. See session key. DEK is used to specify any data form type (in communication payloads or anywhere else).
- transmission security key (TSK) - (NSA) seed for a pseudorandom number generator that is used to control a radio in frequency hopping or direct-sequence spread spectrum modes. See HAVE QUICK, SINCGARS, electronic warfare.
- seed key - (NSA) a key used to initialize a cryptographic device so it can accept operational keys using benign transfer techniques. Also a key used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator to generate other keys.
- signature key - public key cryptography can also be used to electronically sign messages. The private key is used to create the electronic signature, the public key is used to verify the signature. Separate public/private key pairs must be used for signing and encryption. The former is called signature keys.
- stream key - the output of a stream cipher as opposed to the key (or cryptovariable in NSA parlance) that controls the cipher
- training key - (NSA) unclassified key used for instruction and practice exercises.
- Type 1 key - (NSA) keys used to protect classified information. See Type 1 product.
- Type 2 key - (NSA) keys used to protect sensitive but unclassified (SBU) information. See Type 2 product.
- Vernam key - Type of key invented by Gilbert Vernam in 1918. See stream key.
- zeroized key - key that has been erased (see zeroisation.)
